Camera+Work

 Automatic functions allow camera users to point and shoot. Focus, aperture, shutter speed, white balance, zoom, movement, and framing are essential to camcorder work.
 * 1. Camcorder Functions (01:14) **

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 //White balance// basically means //color balance//.It tells the camera what the color white looks like, so the camera will record it correctly. Incorrect white balance shows up as pictures with orange or blue tints, (include pics )In most cameras they have an auto-white balance feature. You should perform this procedure at the beginning of every shoot, and every time the lighting conditions change. It is especially important to re-white balance when moving between indoors and outdoors, and between rooms lit by different kinds of lights. During early morning and late evening, the daylight colour changes quickly and significantly (although your eyes don't notice, your camera will).( Do regular white balances during these periods ) [] 

The //zoom// is the function which moves your point of view closer to, or further away from, the subject without moving you camera. There are two ways to do this **Manual zoom(ring) and Servo zoom (lever).** Manual- moves it super fast and doesn't require power Servo- uses battery power but does the zooming smoother. Tips-The further you zoom in, the more difficult it is to keep the picture steady.very long zooms, a tripod is essential.the most common advice we give on using the zoom is //use it less//. It's a great tool in moderation, but when most of your shots are zooming in and out, your audience will feel nauseous. ways to avoid this is to show both the whole scene as well as some close-up details, you don't need to have a zoom in. Instead, shoot a __[|wide shot]__, stop recording, zoom in to a __[|close up]__, then start recording again. The result is one shot which cuts cleanly and quickly to another,making the same information as a zoom, but better.

[]The list below is a list of most camera moves used by operators 
 * **__[|Crab]__** || A less-common term for //tracking// or //trucking//. ||
 * **__[|Dolly]__** || The camera is mounted on a cart which travels along tracks for a very smooth movement. Also known as a //tracking shot// or //trucking shot//. ||
 * **__[|Dolly Zoom]__** || A technique in which the camera moves closer or further from the subject while simultaneously adjusting the zoom angle to keep the subject the same size in the frame. ||
 * **__[|Follow]__** || The camera physically follows the subject at a more or less constant distance. ||
 * **__[|Pan]__** || Horizontal movement, left and right. ||
 * **__[|Pedestal (Ped)]__** || Moving the camera position vertically with respect to the subject. ||
 * **__[|Tilt]__** || Vertical movement of the camera angle, i.e. pointing the camera up and down (as opposed to moving the whole camera up and down). ||
 * **__[|Track]__** || Roughly synonymous with the //dolly shot//, but often defined more specifically as movement which stays a constant distance from the action, especially side-to-side movement. ||
 * **__[|Truck]__** || Another term for tracking or dollying. ||

(do videos for each movement)

[] -focus,aperture,shutter,

Focus - on our cameras we only have the auto focus but when you get to high tech camera you can focus on your own by adjusting the ring on the camera. Aperture- controls the amount of light coming through the lens-As you open the iris, more light comes in and the picture appears brighter.

Shutter- used for fast-action footage for example sports games(football)-The main advantage is that individual frames appear sharper (critical for __[|slow-motion replays]__). The main disadvantage is that motion appears more jerky.

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Shots are all about composition. Rather than //pointing// the camera at the subject, you need to //compose// an image. As mentioned previously, framing  is the process of creating composition. This is where basic shot types come in

The VWS is much closer to the subject. She is (just) visible here, but the emphasis is still on placing her in her environment. This also works as an establishing shot. || In the WS, the subject takes up the full frame. In this case, the girl's feet are almost at the bottom of frame, and her head is almost at the top. Obviously the subject doesn't take up the whole width and height of the frame, since this is as close as we can get without losing any part of her. The small amount of room above and below the subject can be thought of as safety room — you don't want to be cutting the top of the head off. It would also look uncomfortable if her feet and head were exactly at the top and bottom of frame. || The MS shows some part of the subject in more detail, whilst still showing enough for the audience to feel as if they were looking at the whole subject. In fact, this is an approximation of how you would see a person "in the flesh" if you were having a casual conversation. You wouldn't be paying any attention to their lower body, so that part of the picture is unnecessary. || Half way between a MS and a CU. This shot shows the face more clearly, without getting uncomfortably close. || In the CU, a certain feature or part of the subject takes up the whole frame. A close up of a person usually means a close up of their face. || The ECU gets right in and shows extreme detail. For people, the ECU is used to convey emotion. || A cutaway is a shot that's usually of something other than the current action. It could be a different subject (e ||
 * || **VWS (Very Wide Shot)**
 * || **WS (Wide Shot)**
 * || **MS (Mid Shot)**
 * || **MCU (Medium Close Up)**
 * || **CU (Close Up)**
 * || **ECU (Extreme Close Up)**
 * || **CA (Cutaway)**

The __[|rule of thirds]__. This rule divides the frame into nine sections, as in the first frame below. Points (or lines) of interest should occur at 1/3 or 2/3 of the way up (or across) the frame, rather than in the centre. it's all about camera positioning and frame composition.


 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">2. Camcorder Lens (00:55) **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">

Some camcorder functions relate to the lenses. The seven types of shot sizes are big close-up, close-up, medium close-up, medium shot, medium long shot, long shot, and extreme long shot. [] - **Long shot,Extreme long shot,Medium shot,Medium close-up,Close-up** [|www.temporarysign.co.uk/files/8_**Camcorder**_Tips.pdf]


 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">3. Focusing on Subjects (02:54) **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">

Manual focusing with cameras allow greater control. Macro settings allow extreme close-ups. Wide angles give deep focus and telephotos give shallow focus. Pull-up focus directs attention.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">[]

4. Aperture Settings (03:03) **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">

Opening or closing an iris allows more or less light to enter a camera. High contrast should be avoided. Depth of field occurs when opening an iris. Filters reduce brightness.


 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">5. Shutter Speed Settings (02:25) **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">

Camera shutter speed is exposure time as a fraction of a second. Increased shutter speed reduces motion blurs, causes images to flicker, reduces brightness, and reduces depth of field.


 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">6. White Balancing for Correct Color (02:18) **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">

Video is sensitive to colors of different light sources. Daylight is blue at 5600 degrees Kelvin, while Tungsten light is orange at 3200 degrees Kelvin. Filters can be used for mixed light.


 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">7. Camera Zoom Lens (05:49) **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">

Zooming can frame and change lens angle. Telephoto gives a shallow 2D picture, flattened perspective, and critical focusing. Wide angle shots give perspective, sharp focus, and distortion.


 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">8. Movement With Video (05:24) **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">

Basic camera moves are tilt and pan. Track and elevate are advanced moves. Tracking allows the camera to move. Tracking a camera in while the lens is zooming out creates a "trombone shot."


 * 9. Framing Shots With Video (03:42)**

Edited sequences and framing provide dramatic emphasis. Close-up framing sequences scenes. Pull focus directs attention within a frame. Wide angles provide more scene information. Type in the content of your page here.